October 29, 2024

29 October, 2024 11:28AM · libppd

- patch: |-
    $patch: delete
    apiVersion: "networking.k8s.io/v1"
    kind: NetworkPolicy
    metadata:
        name: dummy
  target:
    kind: NetworkPolicy

from unittest import mock

default = 42

def with_default(f):
    def wrapped(self, value=None):
        if value is None:
            value = default
        return f(self, value)

    return wrapped

class Fiddle:
    @with_default
    def print(self, value):
        print("Answer:", value)

fiddle = Fiddle()
fiddle.print(12)
fiddle.print()

def mocked(self, value=None):
    print("Mocked answer:", value)

with mock.patch.object(Fiddle, "print", autospec=True, side_effect=mocked):
    fiddle.print(12)
    fiddle.print()

$ python3 test0.py
Answer: 12
Answer: 42
Mocked answer: 12
Mocked answer: None

# python3 test1.py
Answer: 12
Answer: 42
Mocked answer: 12
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/enrico/lavori/freexian/tt/test1.py", line 42, in <module>
    fiddle.print()
  File "<string>", line 2, in print
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/unittest/mock.py", line 186, in checksig
    sig.bind(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/inspect.py", line 3211, in bind
    return self._bind(args, kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/inspect.py", line 3126, in _bind
    raise TypeError(msg) from None
TypeError: missing a required argument: 'value'

# Introduce functools
import functools
from unittest import mock

default = 42

def with_default(f):
    @functools.wraps(f)
    def wrapped(self, value=None):
        if value is None:
            value = default
        return f(self, value)

    # Fix:
    # del wrapped.__wrapped__

    return wrapped

class Fiddle:
    @with_default
    def print(self, value):
        assert value is not None
        print("Answer:", value)

fiddle = Fiddle()
fiddle.print(12)
fiddle.print()

def mocked(self, value=None):
    print("Mocked answer:", value)

with mock.patch.object(Fiddle, "print", autospec=True, side_effect=mocked):
    fiddle.print(12)
    # mock's autospec uses inspect.getsignature, which follows __wrapped__ set
    # by functools.wraps, which points to a wrong signature: the idea that
    # value is optional is now lost
    fiddle.print()

      # Give up with making value not optional, to simplify things :(
      def print(self, value: int | None = None) -> None:
          assert value is not None
          print("Answer:", value)

# Introduce typing, try with ParamSpec
import functools
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, ParamSpec, Callable
from unittest import mock

default = 42

P = ParamSpec("P")

def with_default(f: Callable[P, None]) -> Callable[P, None]:
    # Using ParamSpec we forward arguments, but we cannot use them!
    @functools.wraps(f)
    def wrapped(self, value: int | None = None) -> None:
        if value is None:
            value = default
        return f(self, value)

    return wrapped

class Fiddle:
    @with_default
    def print(self, value: int | None = None) -> None:
        assert value is not None
        print("Answer:", value)

test2.py:17: error: Argument 2 has incompatible type "int"; expected "P.args"  [arg-type]
test2.py:19: error: Incompatible return value type (got "_Wrapped[P, None, [Any, int | None], None]", expected "Callable[P, None]")  [return-value]
test2.py:19: note: "_Wrapped[P, None, [Any, int | None], None].__call__" has type "Callable[[Arg(Any, 'self'), DefaultArg(int | None, 'value')], None]"

# Introduce typing, try with Callable
import functools
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, TypeVar
from unittest import mock

default = 42

A = TypeVar("A")

# Callable cannot represent the fact that the argument is optional, so now mypy
# complains if we try to omit it
def with_default(f: Callable[[A, int | None], None]) -> Callable[[A, int | None], None]:
    @functools.wraps(f)
    def wrapped(self: A, value: int | None = None) -> None:
        if value is None:
            value = default
        return f(self, value)

    return wrapped

class Fiddle:
    @with_default
    def print(self, value: int | None = None) -> None:
        assert value is not None
        print("Answer:", value)

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    reveal_type(Fiddle.print)

fiddle = Fiddle()
fiddle.print(12)
# !! Too few arguments for "print" of "Fiddle"  [call-arg]
fiddle.print()

def mocked(self, value=None):
    print("Mocked answer:", value)

with mock.patch.object(Fiddle, "print", autospec=True, side_effect=mocked):
    fiddle.print(12)
    fiddle.print()

test3.py:32: note: Revealed type is "def (test3.Fiddle, Union[builtins.int, None])"
test3.py:37: error: Too few arguments for "print" of "Fiddle"  [call-arg]
test3.py:46: error: Too few arguments for "print" of "Fiddle"  [call-arg]

# Introduce typing, try with Protocol
import functools
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Protocol, TypeVar, Generic, cast
from unittest import mock

default = 42

A = TypeVar("A", contravariant=True)

class Printer(Protocol, Generic[A]):
    def __call__(_, self: A, value: int | None = None) -> None:
        ...

def with_default(f: Printer[A]) -> Printer[A]:
    @functools.wraps(f)
    def wrapped(self: A, value: int | None = None) -> None:
        if value is None:
            value = default
        return f(self, value)

    return cast(Printer, wrapped)

class Fiddle:
    # function has a __get__ method to generated bound versions of itself
    # the Printer protocol does not define it, so mypy is now unable to type
    # the bound method correctly
    @with_default
    def print(self, value: int | None = None) -> None:
        assert value is not None
        print("Answer:", value)

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    reveal_type(Fiddle.print)

fiddle = Fiddle()
# !! Argument 1 to "__call__" of "Printer" has incompatible type "int"; expected "Fiddle"
fiddle.print(12)
fiddle.print()

def mocked(self, value=None):
    print("Mocked answer:", value)

with mock.patch.object(Fiddle, "print", autospec=True, side_effect=mocked):
    fiddle.print(12)
    fiddle.print()

test4.py:41: error: Argument 1 to "__call__" of "Printer" has incompatible type "int"; expected "Fiddle"  [arg-type]
test4.py:42: error: Missing positional argument "self" in call to "__call__" of "Printer"  [call-arg]
test4.py:50: error: Argument 1 to "__call__" of "Printer" has incompatible type "int"; expected "Fiddle"  [arg-type]
test4.py:51: error: Missing positional argument "self" in call to "__call__" of "Printer"  [call-arg]

# Introduce typing, try with Protocol, harder!
import functools
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Protocol, TypeVar, Generic, cast, overload, Union
from unittest import mock

default = 42

A = TypeVar("A", contravariant=True)

# We now produce typing for the whole function descriptor protocol
#
# See https://github.com/python/typing/discussions/1040

class BoundPrinter(Protocol):
    """Protocol typing for bound printer methods."""

    def __call__(_, value: int | None = None) -> None:
        """Bound signature."""

class Printer(Protocol, Generic[A]):
    """Protocol typing for printer methods."""

    # noqa annotations are overrides for flake8 being confused, giving either D418:
    # Function/ Method decorated with @overload shouldn't contain a docstring
    # or D105:
    # Missing docstring in magic method
    #
    # F841 is for vulture being confused:
    #   unused variable 'objtype' (100% confidence)

    @overload
    def __get__(  # noqa: D105
        self, obj: A, objtype: type[A] | None = None  # noqa: F841
    ) -> BoundPrinter:
        ...

    @overload
    def __get__(  # noqa: D105
        self, obj: None, objtype: type[A] | None = None  # noqa: F841
    ) -> "Printer[A]":
        ...

    def __get__(
        self, obj: A | None, objtype: type[A] | None = None  # noqa: F841
    ) -> Union[BoundPrinter, "Printer[A]"]:
        """Implement function descriptor protocol for class methods."""

    def __call__(_, self: A, value: int | None = None) -> None:
        """Unbound signature."""

def with_default(f: Printer[A]) -> Printer[A]:
    @functools.wraps(f)
    def wrapped(self: A, value: int | None = None) -> None:
        if value is None:
            value = default
        return f(self, value)

    return cast(Printer, wrapped)

class Fiddle:
    # function has a __get__ method to generated bound versions of itself
    # the Printer protocol does not define it, so mypy is now unable to type
    # the bound method correctly
    @with_default
    def print(self, value: int | None = None) -> None:
        assert value is not None
        print("Answer:", value)

fiddle = Fiddle()
fiddle.print(12)
fiddle.print()

def mocked(self, value=None):
    print("Mocked answer:", value)

with mock.patch.object(Fiddle, "print", autospec=True, side_effect=mocked):
    fiddle.print(12)
    fiddle.print()

# semanage fcontext -l|grep bin/cups-browsed
/usr/bin/cups-browsed                              regular file       system_u:object_r:cupsd_exec_t:s0 
# sesearch -A -s cupsd_t -c file -p write
allow cupsd_t cupsd_interface_t:file { append create execute execute_no_trans getattr ioctl link lock map open read rename setattr unlink write };
allow cupsd_t cupsd_lock_t:file { append create getattr ioctl link lock open read rename setattr unlink write };
allow cupsd_t cupsd_log_t:file { append create getattr ioctl link lock open read rename setattr unlink write };
allow cupsd_t cupsd_runtime_t:file { append create getattr ioctl link lock open read rename setattr unlink write };
allow cupsd_t cupsd_rw_etc_t:file { append create getattr ioctl link lock open read rename setattr unlink write };
allow cupsd_t cupsd_t:file { append create getattr ioctl link lock open read rename setattr unlink write };
allow cupsd_t cupsd_tmp_t:file { append create getattr ioctl link lock open read rename setattr unlink write };
allow cupsd_t faillog_t:file { append getattr ioctl lock open read write };
allow cupsd_t init_tmpfs_t:file { append getattr ioctl lock read write };
allow cupsd_t krb5_host_rcache_t:file { append create getattr ioctl link lock open read rename setattr unlink write }; [ allow_kerberos ]:True
allow cupsd_t print_spool_t:file { append create getattr ioctl link lock open read relabelfrom relabelto rename setattr unlink write };
allow cupsd_t samba_var_t:file { append getattr ioctl lock open read write };
allow cupsd_t security_t:file { append getattr ioctl lock open read write };
allow cupsd_t security_t:file { append getattr ioctl lock open read write }; [ allow_kerberos ]:True
allow cupsd_t usbfs_t:file { append getattr ioctl lock open read write };
# sesearch -A -s cupsd_t -c security
allow cupsd_t security_t:security check_context; [ allow_kerberos ]:True
allow cupsd_t security_t:security { check_context compute_av };
# sesearch -A -s cupsd_t -c capability
allow cupsd_t cupsd_t:capability net_bind_service; [ allow_ypbind ]:True
allow cupsd_t cupsd_t:capability { audit_write chown dac_override dac_read_search fowner fsetid ipc_lock kill net_bind_service setgid setuid sys_admin sys_rawio sys_resource sys_tty_config };
# sesearch -A -s cupsd_t -c capability2
allow cupsd_t cupsd_t:capability2 { block_suspend wake_alarm };
# sesearch -A -s cupsd_t -c blk_file

#tfvars Input for Module
org_secrets = {
    "SECRET_A" = {
        repos = [
            "infra-foo",
            "infra-baz",
            "deployment-foobar",
        ]
    "SECRET_B" = {
        repos = [
            "job-abc",
            "job-xyz",
        ]
    }
}

# Module Code
/*
Limitation: The GH search API which is queried returns at most 1000
results. Thus whenever we reach that limit this approach will no longer work.
The query is also intentionally limited to internal repositories right now.
*/
data "github_repositories" "repos" {
    query           = "org:myorg archived:false -is:public -is:private"
    include_repo_id = true
}

/*
The properties of the github_repositories.repos data source queried
above contains only lists. Thus we've to manually establish a mapping
between the repository names we need as a lookup key later on, and the
repository id we got in another list from the search query above.
*/
locals {
    # Assemble the set of repository names we need repo_ids for
    repos = toset(flatten([for v in var.org_secrets : v.repos]))

    # Walk through all names in the query result list and check
    # if they're also in our repo set. If yes add the repo name -> id
    # mapping to our resulting map
    repos_and_ids = {
        for i, v in data.github_repositories.repos.names : v => data.github_repositories.repos.repo_ids[i]
        if contains(local.repos, v)
    }
}

resource "github_actions_organization_secret" "org_secrets" {
    for_each        = var.org_secrets
    secret_name     = each.key
    visibility      = "selected"
    # the logic how the secret value is sourced is omitted here
    plaintext_value = data.xxx
    selected_repository_ids = [
        for r in each.value.repos : local.repos_and_ids[r]
        if can(local.repos_and_ids[r])
    ]
}

locals {
    # Debug facility in combination with an output and precondition check
    # There we can report which repository we still have in our configuration
    # but no longer get as a result from the data provider query
    missing_repos = setsubtract(local.repos, data.github_repositories.repos.names)
}

# Debug facility - If we can not find every repository in our
# search query result, report those repos as an error
output "missing_repos" {
    value = local.missing_repos
    precondition {
        condition     = length(local.missing_repos) == 0
        error_message = format("Repos in config missing from resultset: %v", local.missing_repos)
    }
}

Subject: bath / shower water problems
Date: Thu, 1 Dec 2016 09:39:29 +0100
From: Daniel Pocock <daniel@pocock.pro>
To: Letting agent

Hi [redacted],

The plumber visited today, he replaced the dishwasher door and the
shower hose.

He also looked at the flow from the hot water tap in the shower.  He
found a lot of rust inside the tap.

He removed the hot and cold taps, cleaned out the taps and ran the water
directly from the pipes in the wall.  A lot of rust came out of both hot
and cold pipes.

- the hot water pipe is now flowing better, but it is still less than normal

- water from both hot and cold pipes still has a slight red colour

He said he will contact you to explain and discuss how it can be fixed.

Regards,

Daniel

Frau [----] hat letzte Woche beim Arbeitsort meiner Mandantin
angerufen und unter Vorwand, sie wolle mit ihr sprechen,
gegenüber der Chefin meiner Mandnatin während ca. 30 Minuten
meine Mandanten im Zusammenhang mit dem vorliegenden Verfahren
angeschwärzt, resp. diese in ihrer Ehre verletzt.

Ich fordere Sie auf, Ihre Klientin über die Tragweite der
Bestimmungen über strafbare Handlungen gegen üble Nachrede
und Verleumdung zu informieren.

Es gab und gibt keinen Grund der direkten Kontaktaufnahme und
insbesondere keinen Grund für Ihr Klientin, beim Arbeitsort
meiner Mandantin anzurufen.

Sollte es noch einmal vorkommen, dass Ihre Klientin gegenüber
meinen Mandanten oder Dritten ausfällig wird und sich sonst
rassistisch äussert, so wird dies entsprechende Konsequenzen haben.

Ich denke auch nicht, dass das Verhalten Ihrer Klientin die
Verhandlungsbereitschaft meiner Mandanten bezüglich des
vorliegenden Verfahrens erhöht. 

Last week, [----] called my client's place of work and,
under the pretext that she wanted to speak to her,
spent around 30 minutes denigrating my client in connection
with the current proceedings to my client's boss, and insulted her honor.

I request that you inform your client of the scope of the
provisions on criminal offenses against slander and defamation.

There was and is no reason to make direct contact and in particular
no reason for your client to call my client's place of work.

Should your client become abusive towards my client or third parties
or otherwise make racist comments, this will have the appropriate
consequences.

I also do not think that your client's behavior increases my
client's willingness to negotiate with regard to the current proceedings.

$ mkdir -p ~/.config/yubikey-touch-detector
$ sed -e 's/^YUBIKEY_TOUCH_DETECTOR_LIBNOTIFY=.*/YUBIKEY_TOUCH_DETECTOR_LIBNOTIFY=true/' \
  < /usr/share/doc/yubikey-touch-detector/examples/service.conf.example \
  > ~/.config/yubikey-touch-detector/service.conf
$ systemctl --user restart yubikey-touch-detector
    bindsym p exec i3-dmenu-desktop \
        --dmenu="dmenu_emacsclient 'Application: '", \
        mode "default"

US keyboard coverage:

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz`1234567890-=[]\;',./
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ~!@#$%^&*()_+{}|:"<>?

latin1 coverage: ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´µ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿
EURO SIGN, TRADE MARK SIGN: €™

ambiguity test:

e¢coC0ODQ iI71lL!|¦
b6G&0B83  [](){}/\.…·•
zs$S52Z%  ´`'"‘’“”«»

all characters in a sentence, uppercase:

the quick fox jumps over the lazy dog
THE QUICK FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG

same, in french:

Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume.

dès noël, où un zéphyr haï me vêt de glaçons würmiens, je dîne
d’exquis rôtis de bœuf au kir, à l’aÿ d’âge mûr, &cætera.

DÈS NOËL, OÙ UN ZÉPHYR HAÏ ME VÊT DE GLAÇONS WÜRMIENS, JE DÎNE
D’EXQUIS RÔTIS DE BŒUF AU KIR, À L’AŸ D’ÂGE MÛR, &CÆTERA.

Ligatures test:

-<< -< -<- <-- <--- <<- <- -> ->> --> ---> ->- >- >>-
=<< =< =<= <== <=== <<= <= => =>> ==> ===> =>= >= >>=
<-> <--> <---> <----> <=> <==> <===> <====> :: ::: __
<~~ </ </> /> ~~> == != /= ~= <> === !== !=== =/= =!=
<: := *= *+ <* <*> *> <| <|> |> <. <.> .> +* =* =: :>
(* *) /* */ [| |] {| |} ++ +++ \/ /\ |- -| <!-- <!---

Box drawing alignment tests:
                                                                   █
╔══╦══╗  ┌──┬──┐  ╭──┬──╮  ╭──┬──╮  ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑   ╷  ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐    ▉ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳
║┌─╨─┐║  │╔═╧═╗│  │╒═╪═╕│  │╓─╁─╖│  ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙  ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥    ▊ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳
║│╲ ╱│║  │║   ║│  ││ │ ││  │║ ┃ ║│  ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓   ╵  ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘    ▋ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳
╠╡ ╳ ╞╣  ├╢   ╟┤  ├┼─┼─┼┤  ├╫─╂─╫┤  ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚     ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▌ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳
║│╱ ╲│║  │║   ║│  ││ │ ││  │║ ┃ ║│  ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊  ┆ ╎ ╏  ┇ ┋ ▍
║└─╥─┘║  │╚═╤═╝│  │╘═╪═╛│  │╙─╀─╜│  ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊  ┆ ╎ ╏  ┇ ┋ ▎
╚══╩══╝  └──┴──┘  ╰──┴──╯  ╰──┴──╯  ┗━━┻━━┛          └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▏▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█

Dashes alignment test:

HYPHEN-MINUS, MINUS SIGN, EN, EM DASH, HORIZONTAL BAR, LOW LINE
--------------------------------------------------
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
——————————————————————————————————————————————————
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
__________________________________________________

rw
systemctl enable --now kvmd-oled kvmd-oled-reboot kvmd-oled-shutdown
systemctl enable --now kvmd-fan
ro
rw
kvmd-htpasswd set admin
passwd root
ro
# Put the message on hold in the warming up instance
postsuper -c /etc/postfix-warmingup -h $queueid
# Copy to a warmed up instance
cp --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamp /var/spool/postfix-warmingup/hold/$queueid /var/spool/postfix-warmedup/incoming/
# Queue the message
postqueue -c /etc/postfix-warmedup -i $queueid
# Delete from the original queue.
postsuper -c /etc/postfix-warmingup -d $queueid

[redacted]
X-Spam-Flag: YES
X-Spam-Level: ******
X-Spam-Status: Yes, score=6.3 required=5.0 tests=DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID,
[redacted]
	*  1.0 RCVD_IN_XBL RBL: Received via a relay in Spamhaus XBL
	*      [185.220.101.64 listed in xxxxxxxxxxxxx.zen.dq.spamhaus.net]
	*  3.0 RCVD_IN_SBL_CSS Received via a relay in Spamhaus SBL-CSS
	*  2.5 RCVD_IN_AUTHBL Received via a relay in Spamhaus AuthBL
	*  0.0 RCVD_IN_PBL Received via a relay in Spamhaus PBL
[redacted]
[very first received line follows...]
Received: from [10.137.0.13] ([185.220.101.64])
        by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id ffacd0b85a97d-378956d2ee6sm12487760f8f.83.2024.09.11.15.05.52
        for <xxxxx@mayfirst.org>
        (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128);
        Wed, 11 Sep 2024 15:05:53 -0700 (PDT)

Sep 11 05:08:03 Warning: mysqldump: Error 2013: Lost connection to server during query when dumping table `1C4Uonkwhe_options` at row: 1402
Sep 11 05:08:03 Warning: Failed to dump mysql databases ic_wp

Sep 11 13:50:11 mysql007 mariadbd[580]: 2024-09-11 13:50:11 69577 [Warning] Aborted connection 69577 to db: 'ic_wp' user: 'root' host: 'localhost' (Got an error writing communication packets)

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select * from 1C4Uonkwhe_options' ic_wp > /dev/null
ERROR 2013 (HY000) at line 1: Lost connection to server during query
root@mysql007:~#

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select * from 1C4Uonkwhe_options limit 1 offset 1402' ic_wp
ERROR 2013 (HY000) at line 1: Lost connection to server during query
root@mysql007:~#

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select option_id,option_name,option_value,autoload from 1C4Uonkwhe_options limit 1 offset 1402' ic_wp
ERROR 2013 (HY000) at line 1: Lost connection to server during query
root@mysql007:~#

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select option_id from 1C4Uonkwhe_options limit 1 offset 1402' ic_wp
+-----------+
| option_id |
+-----------+
|  16296351 |
+-----------+
root@mysql007:~#

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select option_value from 1C4Uonkwhe_options limit 1 offset 1402' ic_wp
ERROR 2013 (HY000) at line 1: Lost connection to server during query
root@mysql007:~#

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select * from 1C4Uonkwhe_options where option_id = 16296351' ic_wp
+-----------+----------------------+--------------+----------+
| option_id | option_name          | option_value | autoload |
+-----------+----------------------+--------------+----------+
|  16296351 | z_taxonomy_image8905 |              | yes      |
+-----------+----------------------+--------------+----------+
root@mysql007:~#

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select CHAR_LENGTH(option_value) from 1C4Uonkwhe_options where option_id = 16296351' ic_wp
+---------------------------+
| CHAR_LENGTH(option_value) |
+---------------------------+
|                         0 |
+---------------------------+
root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select HEX(option_value) from 1C4Uonkwhe_options where option_id = 16296351' ic_wp
+-------------------+
| HEX(option_value) |
+-------------------+
|                   |
+-------------------+
root@mysql007:~#

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'update 1C4Uonkwhe_options set option_value = "" where option_id = 16296351' ic_wp
root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select * from 1C4Uonkwhe_options' ic_wp > /dev/null
ERROR 2013 (HY000) at line 1: Lost connection to server during query
root@mysql007:~#

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'delete from 1C4Uonkwhe_options where option_id = 16296351' ic_wp
root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select * from 1C4Uonkwhe_options' ic_wp > /dev/null
ERROR 2013 (HY000) at line 1: Lost connection to server during query
root@mysql007:~# mysqldump ic_wp > /dev/null
mysqldump: Error 2013: Lost connection to server during query when dumping table `1C4Uonkwhe_options` at row: 1401
root@mysql007:~#

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'insert into 1C4Uonkwhe_options VALUES(16296351,"z_taxonomy_image8905","","yes");' ic_wp 
root@mysql007:~# mysqldump ic_wp > /dev/null
mysqldump: Error 2013: Lost connection to server during query when dumping table `1C4Uonkwhe_options` at row: 1402
root@mysql007:~#

oot@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'create table 1C4Uonkwhe_new_options like 1C4Uonkwhe_options;' ic_wp 
root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'insert into 1C4Uonkwhe_new_options select * from 1C4Uonkwhe_options limit 1402 offset 0;' ic_wp 
--- There is only 33 more records, not sure how to specify unlimited limit but 100 does the trick.
root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'insert into 1C4Uonkwhe_new_options select * from 1C4Uonkwhe_options limit 100 offset 1403;' ic_wp 

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select * from 1C4Uonkwhe_new_options' ic_wp >/dev/null;

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select option_id from 1C4Uonkwhe_options where option_id not in (select option_id from 1C4Uonkwhe_new_options) ;' ic_wp 
+-----------+
| option_id |
+-----------+
|  18405297 |
+-----------+
root@mysql007:~#

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select option_id from 1C4Uonkwhe_options order by option_id limit 1 offset 1402' ic_wp ;
+-----------+
| option_id |
+-----------+
|  18405297 |
+-----------+
root@mysql007:~#

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select * from 1C4Uonkwhe_options where option_id = 18405297' ic_wp ;
ERROR 2013 (HY000) at line 1: Lost connection to server during query
root@mysql007:~#

root@mysql007:~# mysql --protocol=socket -e 'select CHAR_LENGTH(option_value) from 1C4Uonkwhe_options where option_id = 18405297' ic_wp ;
+---------------------------+
| CHAR_LENGTH(option_value) |
+---------------------------+
|                  50814767 |
+---------------------------+
root@mysql007:~#

Hi,

GS1900-10HP (probably also many other switches in the same series),
firmware V2.80(AAZI.0) (also older ones) generate web authentication
tokens in an unsafe way. This makes it possible for an attacker
to guess them and hijack the session.

web_util_randStr_generate() contains code that is functionally
the same as this:

        char token[17];
        struct timeval now;
        gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
        srandom(now.tv_sec + now.tv_usec);
        for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
                long r = random() % 62;
                char c;
                if (r < 10) {
                        c = r + '0';  // 0..9
                } else if (r < 36) {
                        c = r + ('A' - 10);  // A..Z
                } else {
                        c = r + ('a' - 36);  // a..z
                }
                token[i] = c;
        }
        token[16] = 0;

(random() comes from uclibc, but it has the same generator as glibc,
so the code runs just as well on desktop Linux)

This token is generated on initial login, and stored in a cookie
on the client. This has multiple problems:

First, the clock is a known quantity; even if the switch is not on SNTP,
it is trivial to get its idea of time-of-day by just doing a HTTP
request and looking at the Date header. This means that if an attacker
knows precisely when the administrator logged in (for instance, by observing
a HTTPS login on the network), they will have a very limited range of
possible tokens to check.

Second, tv_sec and tv_usec are combined in an improper way, canceling
out much of the intended entropy. As long as one assumes that the
administrator logged in less than a day ago, the entire range of possible
seeds it contained within the range [now - 86400, now + 999999], i.e.
only about 1.1M possible cookies, which can simply be tried serially
even if one did not observe the original login. There is no brute-force
protection on the web interface.

I have verified that this attack is practical, by simply generating all the
tokens and asking for the status page repeatedly (it is trivial to see
whether it returns an authentication success or failure). The switch can
sustain about one try every 96 ms on average against an attacker on a local
LAN (there is no keepalive or multithreading, so the most trivial code is
seemingly also the best one), which means that an attack will succeed on
average after about 15 hours; my test run succeeded after a bit under three
hours. If there are multiple administrator sessions active, the expected time
to success is of course lower, although the tries are also somewhat slower
because the switch has to deal with the keepalive traffic from the admins.

This is a straightforward case of CWE-330 (Use of Insufficiently Random
Values), with subcategories CWE-331, CWE-334, CWE-335, CWE-337, CWE-339,
CWE-340, CWE-341 and probably others. The suggested fix is simple: Read
entropy from /dev/urandom or another good source, instead of using random().
(Make sure that you don't get bias issues due to the use of modulo; you can
use e.g. rejection sampling.)

Session timeout does help against this attack (by default, it is 3 minutes),
but only as long as the administrator has not kept a tab open. If the tab is
left open, that keeps on making background requests that refreshes the token
every five seconds, guaranteeing a 100% success rate if given a day or two.

There is also _tons_ of outdated software on the switch (kernel from 2008,
OpenSSH from 2013, netkit-telnetd which is no longer maintained, a fork of
a very old NET-SNMP, etc.), but I did not check whether there are any
relevant security holes or whether you have actually backported patches.

3%		cloud image
11%		live ISO
86%		install ISO

2%		bullseye
8%		trixie
12%		ubuntu 24.04
78%		bookworm

Job type	Avg	Max
install no desktop	1 min	2 min
install GNOME	2 min	5 min

Job type	Avg	Max
live no desktop	4 min	6 min
live GNOME	8 min	11 min

Series:	Library Trilogy #2
Publisher:	Ace
Copyright:	2024
ISBN:	0-593-43796-9
Format:	Kindle
Pages:	366

Publisher:	Tachyon
Copyright:	2024
ISBN:	1-61696-415-4
Format:	Kindle
Pages:	394

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October 29, 2024

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Type of jobs

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A New Feature

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About FAIme

October 27, 2024

Adding functools.wraps

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October 26, 2024

Hacking together

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Not All Linux Systems Run CUPS

CUPS vs NAT

MAC Systems

Conclusion

October 25, 2024

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Changes in drat version 0.2.5 (2024-10-21)

October 21, 2024

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Beatrice Torracca

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October 19, 2024

Swiss racism, cats of colour, women harassing women and a 10,000 Swiss franc settlement

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Harassment and racism are not only Swiss problems

Real harassment, real evidence ordered chronologically

In defence of Zurich landlords

Laundry duties & the status of women

The application process, religious harassment and cats

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Cat smell letter

The window nazi

Mediation requested

Swiss lawyer tried to deceive Swiss judge about far right membership

Mystery smell: who is defaming who?

Women's work

Who owns that towel?

Speaking English in a Zurich courtroom

Defending the honor of black cats before a Swiss judge

Switzerland vs Australia, which country is more beautiful

Far right dictator or eccentric old lady?

Google and Debian forcing the harassment verdict into the spotlight

Chris Lamb and Molly de Blanc violated Swiss privacy

Footnote (paw note?): law of the jungle

October 15, 2024

Changes in version 0.0.13 (2024-10-15)

October 14, 2024

Changes in version 0.0.4 (2024-10-14)

October 13, 2024

A long time ago….

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New packages to explore

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Last words

October 09, 2024